e-Spective
Augmenting the City through Location-Based Services for the mobile Internet
September 2006 -
In collaboration with Jeni Paay, Aalborg University, Denmark. Partially funded by the Obel Foundation and Aalborg University's Faculty of Engineering, Science and Medicine. |
Federation Square, Melbourne, Australia
Preliminary e-Spective designs using Google Earth
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The e-Spective project continues research activities from the Indexicality project focusing on the design and use of location-based services (LBS) for the mobile internet. The mobile Internet is not just about doing, while moving, things we used to do at our desktop – it is about doing things that couldn’t be done before. Motivated by this, the e-Spective project explores the development and use of location-based services that “augment the city” with an electronic perspective (“e-Spective”) on, for example, people, places and physical surroundings tailored to geographical locations - a digital layer of information about your context that would otherwise be invisible, largely generated by your peers, and delivered to you through your mobile device web browser.
The e-Spective has four specific focus areas:
- Exploring a "representational" approach to context-awareness
- Exploring a user-driven content model
- Developing a gestalt-theory perspective on location-based services
- Constructing LBS from existing emerging Internet and web technologies
For functional prototypes, the e-Spective project explores emerging technologies such as Google Earth/Goolgle maps and GPS-based positioning on handheld computers.
Selected publications
Paay J. and Kjeldskov J., Howard S., and Dave, B. (2009) Out on the town: a socio-physical approach to the design of a context aware urban guide. Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI). 16(2):7-34.
Paay J. and Kjeldskov J. (2008) Understanding the user experience of location based services: five principles of perceptual organization applied. Journal of Location-Based Services, 2(4): 267-286
Paay J. and Kjeldskov J. (2008) Location-based Storytelling in the Urban Environment. . Proceedings of OzCHI 2008, Adelaide, Cairns, 8-12 December 2008, ACM and CHISIG, pp 122-129.
Christensen C.M., Kjeldskov J. and Rasmussen K.K. (2007) GeoHealth: A location-based service for nomadic home healthcare workers. Proceedings of OzCHI 2007, Adelaide, Australia, 28-30 November 2007, ACM and CHISIG, 8 pages.
Kjeldskov J. and Paay J. (2006) e-Spective: pervasive computing presenting a new perspective of the city. Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS, Adelaide, 6-8 December 2006.
Paay J. and Kjeldskov J. (2006) Drawing From a Larger Canvas – a Gestalt Perspective on Location-Based Services. Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS, Adelaide, 6-8 December 2006. 10 pages
Kjeldskov J. and Paay J. (2006) Public Pervasive Computing in
the City: Making the Invisible Visible. IEEE Computer, 39(9):60-65 |
Indexical Interaction Design
Interaction Design for Context-Aware Mobile Computer Systems
September 2004 -
Talent project funded 2004-06 by the Danish Technical Research Council
(STVF) (project no. 26-04-0026). In collaboration with Jeni Paay, The University of Melbourne |
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Experimental indexical mobile information systems
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Evaluating indexical intraction design in the field
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The IID project investigates into the role of context in mobile
computer use and explores the concept of indexicality in interaction
design. The objective of the project is to conduct research aiming
at establishing foundations for developing context-aware human-computer
interfaces for mobile computers that explores knowledge about
the user's context by being indexical. Supporting this, the IID
project will generate a theoretical understanding of context and
explore and develop the concept of indexicality in context-aware
human-computer interface design; develop a design principle that
allows designers to make use of information implicitly and explicitly
embedded in the user's context to streamline the interface of
mobile information and communication technologies.
Selected publications
Paay J. and Kjeldskov J., Howard S., and Dave, B. (2009) Out on the town: a socio-physical approach to the design of a context aware urban guide. Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI). 16(2):7-34.
Paay J. and Kjeldskov J. (2008) Situated Social Interactions: a Case Study of Public Places in the City. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 17(2-3):275-290
Kjeldskov J. and Paay J. (2006) Indexical Interaction Design for Context-Aware Mobile Computer Systems. Proceedings of OzCHI 2006, Sydney, Australia, ACM and CHISIG, pp 71-79.
Kjeldskov J. and Paay J. (2006) Public Pervasive Computing in
the City: Making the Invisible Visible. IEEE Computer, 39(9):60-65
Kjeldskov J. and Paay J. (2006) Augmenting the City: The
Design of a Context-Aware Mobile Web Site. Gain: AIGA Journal
of Business and Design, 2006(4)
Paay J. (2006) Indexing to Situated Interactions. PhD Thesis,
The University of Melbourne
Paay J. (2005 ) Where We Met Last Time: A Study of Sociality
in The City. Proceedings of OzCHI 2005, Canberra, Australia,
ACM
Kjeldskov J. and Paay J. (2005) Just-for-Us: A Context-Aware
Mobile Information System Facilitating Sociality. Proceedings
of Mobile HCI 2005, Salzburg, Austria, ACM, pp. 23-30
Paay J. and Kjeldskov J. (2005) Understanding Situated Social
Interactions in Public Places. Proceedings of Interact 2005.
Rome, Italy, LNCS, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, pp. 496-509
Paay J. and Kjeldskov J. (2005) Understanding and Modelling the
Built Environment for Mobile Guide Interface Design. Behaviour
and Information Technology, 24(1):21-35 |
New Methods for Evaluating Usability
Developing New Techniques for Data Collection and Analysis
August 2002 -
Collaboration between Aalborg
University and The
University of Melbourne. Partially funded by the Obel Foundation, the Siemens Foundation and Aalborg University's Faculty of Technology, Engineering and Medicine. |
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New techniques for data collection in field and lab
New laboratory setups for mobile device evaluations
Instant Data Analysis (IDA)
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Usability evaluations have proven to be invaluable tools for
assessing the quality of computer systems. However, new technologies
such as mobile devices and services and a desire for rapid software
product development challenge existing usability evaluation methods
and techniques. Motivated by this, we have an ongoing research
activity aiming at:
- Reducing the effort of conducting usability evaluations
- Developing new methods and techniques for evaluations in the
field the lab.
Reducing Effort: Optimizing Usability Evaluation and Analysis
Evaluating usability is often difficult, time consuming and expensive.
In this project, we thus investigated the potentials of reducing
the effort required for doing usability evaluations. One of the
outcome of this is a new technique for data analysis, which allows
usability evaluations to be conducted, analyzed and documented
in a day; Instant Data Analysis (IDA). Using this technique its
possible to identify 85% of the critical usability problems in
a system in only 10% of the time required to do traditional the
video data analysis.
Laboratory versus Field: New Methods and Techniques
Field-based usability studies are difficult to conduct, time
consuming, and the added value is unknown. On the other hand,
laboratory evaluations have been criticised for lack of realism.
Contributing to this discussion, we have conducted a series of
usability studies comparing the outcomes from evaluations of mobile
devices and services based on laboratory- and field-based techniques.
On the basis of this, we have developed new methods and techniques
for increasing the realism of laboratory setups and improving
data collection in the field.
Selected publications
Høegh R.H. Kjeldskov J., Skov M.B. and Stage J. (2008) A Field Laboratory for Evaluating In Situ. In Lumsden J (Ed.) Handbook of Research on User Interface Design and Evaluation for Mobile Technology. IGI Global
Kjeldskov J. and Skov M.B. (2007) Studying Usability
in Sitro: Simulating Real World Phenomena in Controlled Environments. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (IJHCI), 22(1):7-37.
Murphy J., Howard S. and Kjeldskov J. (2005) Playing Away
From Home: Usability Testing in a Global World. Communications
of CSI, 29(3): 18-24
Kjeldskov J., Graham C., Pedell S., Vetere F., Howard S., Balbo
S. and Davies J. (2005) Evaluating the Usability of a Mobile Guide:
The influence of Location, Participants and Resources. Behaviour
and Information Technology, 24(1):51-65
Kjeldskov J., Skov M. B. and Stage J. (2004) Instant Data Analysis:
Evaluating Usability in a Day. Proceedings of NordiCHI 2004,
Tampere, Finland. ACM, pp. 233-240
Kjeldskov J., Skov M. B., Als B. S. and Høegh R. T. (2004)
Is it Worth the Hassle? Exploring the Added Value of Evaluating
the Usability of Context-Aware Mobile Systems in the Field. Proceedings of the 6th International Mobile HCI 2004 conference,
Glasgow, Scotland. LNCS, Berlin,
Springer-Verlag, pp. 61-73
Kjeldskov J. and Stage J. (2004) New Techniques for Usability
Evaluation of Mobile Systems. International Journal of Human-Computer
Studies (IJHCS) Elsevier, 60(2004):599-620
Beck E., Christiansen M., Kjeldskov J. Kolbe N. and Stage J.
(2003) Experimental Evaluation of Techniques for Usability Testing
of Mobile Systems in a Laboratory Setting. Proceedings of OzCHI
2003, Brisbane, Australia, CHISIG, pp. 106-115
Kjeldskov J. and Skov M. B. (2003) Creating a Realistic Laboratory
Setting: A Comparative Study of Three Think-Aloud Usability Evaluations
of a Mobile System. Proceedings of the 9th IFIP TC13 International
Conference on Human Computer Interaction, Interact 2003. Zürich,
Switzerland. IOS Press, pp. 663-670
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Mediating Intimacy
Design and use of Context-Aware Mobile Multimedia Systems
February 2004 - September 2004
Partially funded by the Danish Technical Research Council (STVF)
(project no. 26-03-0341)
Collaboration between Aalborg
University and The
University of Melbourne |
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Contextual Interviews, scrapbooks and diaries
The Probe Pack
Conceptual design: LipZone
Prototype: Hug over Distance
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The Mediating Intimacy project addressed the challenges of designing
technologies for use in the private sphere specifically context-aware
mobile multimedia systems for supporting communication in strong-tie
relationships. Intimacy is a crucial element of domestic life
that has received very little attention from Human-Computer Interaction
(HCI) researchers despite their rapidly growing interest in the
design of interactive technologies for domestic use. Intimate
acts differ from other activities, and there are unexplored opportunities
to develop interactive technologies to support these acts.
The Mediating Intimacy project involved an ethnographic study
of peoples communication and interaction habits using cultural
probes, development of novel design ideas and implementation of
functional prototypes.
Selected publications
Howard S., Kjeldskov J. and Skov M.B. (Eds.) (2006) Pervasive Computing in the Domestic Space. Special issue of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Garnæs K., Grünberger O., Kjeldskov J., and
Skov M. B. (2007) Designing technologies for presence-in-absence: illustrating the Cube and the Picture Frame. Personal and Ubiquitous
Computing, 11(5): 403-408
Howard S., Kjeldskov J., Skov M.B., Garnæs K. and Grünberger
O. (2006) Negotiating Presence in Absence: Contact, Context and
Content. Proceedings of CHI 2006, Montreal, Canada. ACM., pp. 909-912
Vetere F., Gibbs M., Kjeldskov J., Howard S., Pedell S., Mecoles
K., and Mueller F. (2005) Mediating Intimacy: Designing Technologies
to Support Strong-Tie Relationships. Proceedings of CHI 2005,
Portland, Oregon, USA. ACM, pp. 471-480.
Mueller F., Vetere F., Gibbs M., Kjeldskov J., Pedell S. and
Howard S. (2005) Hug Over a Distance. Extended Abstracts
of CHI 2005 (interactive poster), Portland, Oregon, USA. ACM, pp. 1673-1676.
Kjeldskov J., Gibbs M., Vetere F., Howard S., Pedell S., Mecoles
K. and Bunyan M. (2004) Using Cultural Probes to Explore Mediated
Intimacy. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 12(1):102-115
Kjeldskov J., Gibbs M., Vetere F., Howard S., Pedell S., Mecoles
K. and Bunyan M. (2004) Using Cultural Probes to Explore Mediated
Intimacy. Proceedings of OzCHI 2004, University of
Wollongong, Australia. CHISIG, 10 pages
Howard S., Vetere F., Gibbs M., Kjeldskov J., Pedell S., Mecoles
K., Bunyan M. and Murphy J. (2004) Mediating Intimacy: Digital
Kisses and Cut and Paste Hugs. In Proceedings of HCI 2004, Leeds,
UK. BCSHCI |
The TramMate Project
Mobile Information Systems in Public Transportation
October 2002 - April 2003
Collaboration between Aalborg
University, The
University of Melbourne and Novell. |
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Acting-out in context
Laboratory evaluations
Field evaluation
TramMate Interface
design sketch
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As a part of my Ph.D. studies, I spent six months as a visiting
researcher at the University of Melbourne, department of information
systems. In this period I initiated and managed a joint research
project on the design and evaluation of mobile information systems
in collaboration with local researchers and IT industry (Novell).
The TramMate project investigates the potentials of supporting
use of public transportation by means of location-based information
services on mobile devices. we explored current travel practices
and possible future practice of business employees as they travelled
to appointments in the inner city of Melbourne. On this basis,
we designed a location-based information services for mobile devices
such as PDAs and mobile phones. A prototype system was evaluated
it in both laboratory settings as well as in the field on board
trams in Melbourne, Australia.
The TramMate project consisted of three phases
- User-studies by means of interviews, observations and acting-out
in context
- Development of a series of design sketches
- Lab and field-based usability evaluations of a working prototype
Selected p ublications
Kjeldskov J., Graham C., Pedell S., Vetere F., Howard S., Balbo
S. and Davies J. (2004) Evaluating the Usability of a Mobile Guide:
The influence of Location, Participants and Resources. Behaviour
and Information Technology, 24(1):51-65
Graham C., Cheverst K., Howard S., Kjeldskov J. and Vetere F.
(2004) Trust in mobile guide design: exploiting interaction paradigm. Proceedings of OzCHI 2004, University of
Wollongong, Australia. CHISIG, 10 pages
Kjeldskov J. and Howard S. (2004) Envisioning Mobile Information
Services: Combining User- and Technology-Centered Design. Proceedings
of the 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Human-Computer Interaction,
APCHI 2004, Rotorua, New Zealand. LNCS,
Berlin, Springer-Verlag, pp. 180-190
Kjeldskov J., Howard S., Murphy J., Carroll J., Vetere F. and
Graham C. (2003) Designing TramMate - a context aware mobile system
supporting use of public transportation. Proceedings of the
1st Conference on Designing User Experiences, DUX 2003. San Francisco,
CA, USA. ACM, pp. 1-4
Carroll J., Kjeldskov J., Vetere F., and Tobin T. (2003) A User-centred
Process for Determining Requirements for Mobile Technologies:
the TramMate Project. Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Asia Conference
on Information Systems, PACIS 2003, Adelaide, South Australia.
Adelaide, University of South Australia, pp. 683-694
Kjeldskov J. and Graham C. (2003) A Review of MobileHCI Research
Methods. Proceedings of the 5th International Mobile HCI 2003
conference, Udine, Italy. LNCS, Berlin,
Springer-Verlag, pp. 317-335
Pedell S., Graham C., Kjeldskov J. and Davies J. (2003) Mobile
Evaluation: What the Metadata and the Data Told us. Proceedings
of OzCHI 2003, Brisbane, Australia, CHISIG, pp. 96-105 |
The Digital Hospital
Usability Evaluations of IT Systems in Healthcare
January 2002 - December 2003
Collaboration between Aalborg
University, Sygehus Vendsyssel and Virtual
Centre for Health Informatics (V-CHI) |
PC-based EPR system
The mobile EPR prototype
EPR usability evaluations
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This project addresses the usability of a range of applications
for use in hospitals settings including Electronic Patient Record
systems (EPR) and systems for booking of resources and staff.
The project was a part of a larger regional research project conducted
in collaboration with Sygehus Vendsyssel and Virtual Centre for
Health Informatics (V-CHI) at Aalborg University, aiming at full
scale implementation and use of digital information technology
within healthcare. The Digital Hospital project included four
large-scale usability evaluations over a period of two years,
conducted in our dedicated usability laboratory at Aalborg University.
In addition, we developed a mobile counterpart to the EPR system,
MobileWARD, which automatically keeps track of contextual factors
such as the physical location of patients and staff, upcoming
appoints, etc. The usability of the MobileWARD prototype was evaluated
in our laboratory (while furnished as a hospital ward) as well
as at Sygehus Vendsyssel. All usability evaluations are documented
in usability evaluation reports and through a number of scientific
research papers.
Selected publications
Kjeldskov J., Skov M.B. and Stage J. (2007) A Longitudinal Study of Usability in Health Care - Does Time Heal? International Journal of Medical Informatics (accepted for publication)
Kjeldskov J. and Skov M. B. (2007) Exploring Context-Awareness
for Ubiquitous Computing in the Healthcare Domain. Personal and
Ubiquitous Computing, 11(7): 549-562
Kjeldskov J., Skov M.B. and Stage J. (2005) Does Time Heal? A
Longitudinal Study of Usability. Proceedings of OzCHI 2005,
Canberra, Australia, ACM
Kjeldskov J., Skov M. B., Als B. S. and Høegh R. T. (2004)
Is it Worth the Hassle? Exploring the Added Value of Evaluating
the Usability of Context-Aware Mobile Systems in the Field. Proceedings of Mobile HCI 2004, Glasgow, Scotland. LNCS, Springer-Verlag,
pp. 61-73
Kjeldskov J. and Skov M. B. (2004) Supporting Work Activities
in Healthcare by Mobile Electronic Patient Records. Proceedings
of the 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Human-Computer Interaction,
APCHI 2004, Rotorua, New Zealand. LNCS,
Berlin, Springer-Verlag, pp. 191-200
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The Handheld Maritime Communicator
Human-Computer Interaction for Mobile Distributed Systems
January 2001 - October 2002
Collaboration between Aalborg
University, Maersk-Sealand and Center
for Human-Machine Interaction |
Interface design sketch
Usability evaluations
Mockup of controls on bridge
The container ship
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The purpose of this project was to investigate into the design
and use of textual communication on mobile devices for supporting
distributed collaborative work activities. For this purpose, we
designed, implemented and evaluated a mobile prototype system
supporting communication and collaboration between mobile and
physically distributed officers on a large container ship: The
Handheld Maritime Communicator. Designing this system was a particular
challenge because it targeted a highly specialized context of
use and because poor design could potentially become a safety
hazard. Meeting this challenge, ethnographic field studies on
board container vessels were conducted, detailed analyses were
carried out and iterative design was performed. The design produced
replaced a large amount of present spoken communication with predefined
textual messages on a handheld device based on a formalized model
of communication. This facilitated persistency, partial automation
and possible integration with other computer-based data. A series
of usability evaluations were conducted for the purpose of evaluating
the design and comparing the use of different experimental setups
in controlled environments. Evaluating the prototype in a high-fidelity
ship simulator with prospective users validated the overall design
but also identified a number of usability problems. Evaluating
the system in traditional laboratory settings with novice users
did not support the identification of all critical usability problems
but supported the identification of a large percentage of the
general design problems.
The project involved the collaboration between several researchers
including Jan Stage, Mikael B. Skov, Beter Bøgh Andersen,
Morten Nielsen and Thomas Koester.
Selected p ublications
Kjeldskov J. and Stage J. (2006) Exploring "Canned Communication"
for Coordinating Distributed Mobile Work Activities. Interacting
with Computers, 2006(18):1310-1335.
Kjeldskov J., Nielsen C.M., Overgaard M., Pedersen M.B., Stage J. and Stenild S. (2006) Designing a Mobile Communicator: Combining Ethnography and Object-Oriented Design. Proceedings of OzCHI 2006, Sydney, Australia, ACM and CHISIG, pp. 95-103.
Kjeldskov J. and Stage J. (2006) Making Conversations Persistent
Through Computer Mediation: Coordination in a Safety-Critical
Domain. Proceedings of HICSS-39, Minitrack on Persistent Conversation,
Kauai, Hawaii, IEEE Computer Society.
Kjeldskov J. and Stage J. (2003) Designing the Handheld Maritime
Communicator. Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Designing
User Experiences, DUX 2003. San Francisco, CA, USA. ACM, pp. 1-15
Kjeldskov J. and Stage J. (2003) The Process of Developing a
Mobile Device for Communication in a Safety-Critical Domain. Proceedings of Interact 2003, Zürich, Switzerland. IOS Press,
pp. 264-271
Kjeldskov J. and Skov M. B. (2003) Creating a Realistic Laboratory
Setting: A Comparative Study of Three Think-Aloud Usability Evaluations
of a Mobile System. Proceedings of Interact 2003, Zürich,
Switzerland. IOS Press, pp. 663-670
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Interaction in Virtual Reality
Subproject of "The Staging of Virtual Inhabited 3D Spaces"
April 2000 - October 2000
In collaboration with CVMT
and VR Medialab
(Aalborg University) |
VR prototype systems
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Between completion of my MA and engaging in my Ph.D. study I
conducted and managed a six-month research project on interaction
in virtual reality at the VR
Medialab of Aalborg University under supervision of Professor
Erik Granum. As a part of a large national research grant entitled
The Staging of Virtual Inhabited 3D Spaces, the aim of the
project was to investigate into the usability of a wide range
of VR interaction techniques and supporting future research by
establishing a platform for developing interactive VR applications
at the lab.
The project was highly multidisciplinary involving close collaboration
between researchers from the humanities, computer science and
engineering.
Selected publications
Kjeldskov J. and Stage J. (2007) Interaction styles in tools for developing virtual environments. Virtual Reality, 12(3): 137-150
Kjeldskov J. (2001b) Combining Interaction Techniques and Display
Types for Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of OzCHI 2001, Perth,
Australia. Churchlands, Edith Cowan University Press, pp. 77-83
Kjeldskov J. (2001) Interaction: Full and partial Immersive Virtual
Reality Displays. In Proceedings of IRIS24, Bergen, Norway. Bergen,
University of Bergen, pp. 587-600
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